Wir alle kennen die Tools zum Messen der Geschwindigkeit einer Website: Pagespeed, YSlow, Pingdom, Webpagetest oder das Kombitool aus Pagespeed und YSlow GTMetrix. Aber wie wird zum Beispiel Browser Caching aktiviert? Wer sich damit nicht auskennt, der findet viele, viele Artikel dazu, die viel Code in sich haben und nichts erklären. Hier ist noch einer davon. 😉
Über die vergangenen Jahre habe ich dieses Gist immer wieder ergänzt, verbessert und korrigiert. Entstanden ist eine sehr praktische Sammlung von Einstellungen, die fail safe die jeweiligen Möglichkeiten des Hosters ausnutzen. Die entsprechenden Anweisungen sind in If-Abfragen gekapselt, so dass es bei guten Hostern keine Probleme mit nicht unterstützen Modulen geben sollte.

Die Einstellungen teilen sich in drei Bereiche: Komprimierung (Deflate/GZip), Browser Caching (Ablaufdatum für statische Caching-Inhalte definieren) und dem Setzen von sinnvollen Headern (Keep Alive, Accept Encoding, etc.).

#
# Sources:
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7704624/how-can-i-use-gzip-compression-for-css-and-js-files-on-my-websites
# http://codex.wordpress.org/Output_Compression
# http://www.perun.net/2009/06/06/wordpress-websites-beschleuinigen-4-ein-zwischenergebnis/#comment-61086
# http://www.smashingmagazine.com/smashing-book-1/performance-optimization-for-websites-part-2-of-2/
# http://gtmetrix.com/configure-entity-tags-etags.html
# http://de.slideshare.net/walterebert/die-htaccessrichtignutzenwchh2014
# http://de.slideshare.net/walterebert/mehr-performance-fr-wordpress
#

<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
# Insert filters / compress text, html, javascript, css, xml:
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/plain
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/css
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/vtt 
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/x-component
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xhtml+xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/rss+xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/js
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/javascript
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-javascript
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-httpd-php
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-httpd-fastphp
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/atom+xml 
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/json
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/ld+json 
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/vnd.ms-fontobject 
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-font-ttf 
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-web-app-manifest+json 
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE font/opentype 
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE image/svg+xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE image/x-icon

# Exception: Images
SetEnvIfNoCase REQUEST_URI \.(?:gif|jpg|jpeg|png|svg)$ no-gzip dont-vary

# Drop problematic browsers
BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 gzip-only-text/html
BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4\.0[678] no-gzip
BrowserMatch \bMSI[E] !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html

# Make sure proxies don't deliver the wrong content
Header append Vary User-Agent env=!dont-vary
</IfModule>

## EXPIRES CACHING ##
<IfModule mod_expires.c>
ExpiresActive On
ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 week"
ExpiresByType image/jpg "access plus 1 year"
ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 year"
ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 year"
ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 year"
ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "access plus 1 month" 
ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 1 minute"
ExpiresByType text/plain "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType text/x-component "access plus 1 month" 
ExpiresByType text/javascript "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType text/x-javascript "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType application/pdf "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 months"
ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "access plus 1 months"
ExpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/x-icon "access plus 1 year"
ExpiresByType application/json "access plus 0 seconds"
ExpiresByType application/ld+json "access plus 0 seconds"
ExpiresByType application/xml "access plus 0 seconds"
ExpiresByType text/xml "access plus 0 seconds" 
ExpiresByType application/x-web-app-manifest+json "access plus 0 seconds" 
ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest "access plus 0 seconds" 
ExpiresByType audio/ogg "access plus 1 month" 
ExpiresByType video/mp4 "access plus 1 month" 
ExpiresByType video/ogg "access plus 1 month" 
ExpiresByType video/webm "access plus 1 month" 
ExpiresByType application/atom+xml "access plus 1 hour" 
ExpiresByType application/rss+xml "access plus 1 hour" 
ExpiresByType application/font-woff "access plus 1 month" 
ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject "access plus 1 month" 
ExpiresByType application/x-font-ttf "access plus 1 month" 
ExpiresByType font/opentype "access plus 1 month" 
</IfModule>
## EXPIRES CACHING ##

#Alternative caching using Apache's "mod_headers", if it's installed.
#Caching of common files - ENABLED
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
<FilesMatch "\.(ico|pdf|flv|swf|js|css|gif|png|jpg|jpeg|txt|html|htm)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=2592000, public"
</FilesMatch>
</IfModule>

<IfModule mod_headers.c>
 <FilesMatch "\.(js|css|xml|gz)$">
 Header append Vary Accept-Encoding
 </FilesMatch>
</IfModule>

<filesMatch "\\.(js|js.gz)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=604800, private"
</filesMatch>

<IfModule mod_gzip.c>
 mod_gzip_on Yes
 mod_gzip_dechunk Yes
 mod_gzip_item_include file \.(html?|txt|css|js|php|pl)$
 mod_gzip_item_include handler ^cgi-script$
 mod_gzip_item_include mime ^text/.*
 mod_gzip_item_include mime ^application/x-javascript.*
 mod_gzip_item_exclude mime ^image/.*
 mod_gzip_item_exclude rspheader ^Content-Encoding:.*gzip.*
</IfModule>

# Set Keep Alive Header
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
 Header set Connection keep-alive
</IfModule>

# If your server don't support ETags deactivate with "None" (and remove header)
<IfModule mod_expires.c> 
 <IfModule mod_headers.c> 
 Header unset ETag 
 </IfModule> 
 FileETag None 
</IfModule>